ADJECTIVES

(form=comparison)


POS

ADJECTIVES:

NOUNS

PRONOUNS

VERBS

ADJECTIVES

ADVERBS

PREPOSITIONS

CONJUNCTIONS

INTERJECTIONS

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A) *DEFINITION

    o  Adjectives modify NOUNS or PRONOUNS.

 

B) *LOCATION:

o      located immediately before the noun modified OR

o      located after a LINKING VERB (is, am, are, was, were)

o      Lewis Black, the hilarious comedian, performed on The Daily Show.

o      Comedian Lewis Black is hilarious. 

 

C) *ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

o      what kind of

o      which one

o      how many

 

D) *THAT’S AN ADJECTIVE?!:

·       usually, grammarians place the ARTICLES (a, an, the) under the category of Adjectives

·       typically, NUMBERS (3) are placed here as well, answering  how many or which place (3rd)

·       NOUNS can function as adjectives, too

o      The bookstore owner sold his business.

o      Here, the noun-as-adjective “bookstore” modifies “owner”—what kind of owner?

 

E) *Comparing with ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS:

 ·       Comparative Mode:  comparing 2 items = (-er) OR (more + base form of adjective)

o      adjective with 1-2 syllables = -er 

o      adjective with 3+ syllables = more + base form

o      For the last few years, April has been drier than March in the Northeast.

o      Between a Saturn and a Lexus, the latter will presumably be the more expensive car of the two.

 

(ADJECTIVES)

1-2 SYLLABLES

3+ SYLLABLES

COMPARATIVE

(1-2 items compared)

-er

 

more + base form

SUPERLATIVE

(3+ items compared)

-est

most + base form

 

·       Superlative Mode:  comparing 3+ items =  (-est) OR (most + base form)

o      adjective with 1-2 syllables = -est

o      adjective with 3+ syllables = most + base form

o      "April is the cruelest month..." (T.S. Eliot, The Wasteland)

o      Lexus models are typically the most expensive cars on the market today.

 

(ADVERBS)

1 SYLLABLE

2+ SYLLABLES

COMPARATIVE

adverb + -er (nearer)

more + adverb (more convincingly)

SUPERLATIVE

adverb + -est (slowest)

most + adverb (most humbly)

 

F) *IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE and ADVERBS USED IN COMPARISON:

 

ADJECTIVE

(base form)

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

good (modifies NOUN)

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little (refers to AMOUNT)

less

least

many/much

more

most

 

 

 

ADVERB

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

well (modifies VERB)

better

best

badly

worse

worst

 

G) *ABSOLUTE MODIFIERS:

·       some modifiers cannot be used in the comparative or superlative because they are absolute

·       this means they cannot be decreased or increased

·       so, no (-er) OR (-est), no (more + base form) OR (most + base form)

·       for example, something cannot be more/less perfect, truly/really/very unique, less fatal

·       it is like being pregnant:  you either are or not; there is no in-between and there is no greater or lesser degree of being pregnant

 

absolute

adequate

complete

entire

false

fatal

final

ideal

impossible

infinite

main

minor

perfect

principal

stationary

sufficient

unanimous

unavoidable

uniform

unique

universal

whole