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BRACKETS

  • Sometimes it is necessary to alter a source of quoted material

    • to indicate an alternate or incorrect spelling or incorrect grammar

    • to add missing word/s or

    • to clarify a particular point.

  • In these instances, place brackets [   ] around words added to quoted material.

    • Nigel Winthrop claims, “Criticism of Shakespearian [sic] tragedy is fraught with accidental misinterpretations and purposeful misinterpretations” (89).

      • Here, sic is used to denote that the author spelled the word that way, not the writer of the paper. Shakespearian in this case follows the English spelling.

    • “She [Janice Joplin] had a great influence on me as a singer,” added Melissa Etheridge.

      • Here, the bracketed information has been added by the writer for the sake of clarity, quite similar to an appositive.