1	Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to provide energy to the body by supplying oxygen to the cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide from the cells and expelling it from the body.
2	Respiratory System The three divisions of the respiratory system are: External respiration Internal respiration Cellular respiration
3	External Respiration External respiration involves the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. It also includes the movement of carbon dioxide from the alveoli to the external atmosphere.
4	Internal Respiration Internal respiration may vary from one biologist to another but the one most preferred involves the following definition. The movement of oxygen from the alveoli to the individual cells of the body and the removing of carbon dioxide from the individual cells back to the alveoli.
5	Internal Respiration The oxygen when it is diffused through the membrane of the alveoli and the membrane of the capillary is attached to a red blood cell and carried to individual cells.
6	Oxygen going through membranes. alveolar membrane _____________________ capillary membrane _____________________ Red blood cell waiting
7	Red blood cell carries the O2 The hemoglobin portion of the molecule carries the oxygen through the blood stream to the individual cells. 95% of all oxygen is carried hooked on to the red blood cell. 5% is carried dissolved in the blood plasma. Plasma is liquid portion of the blood.
8	Red blood cell releases the O2
9	Carbon dioxide comes out of the cell. The carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid which disassociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. CO2 + H2 O--à H2CO3 H2CO3 à H⁺+ HCO3 ^– HCO3^-+ Na⁺à NaHCO3 or K⁺
10	Carbon dioxide transfer 65% of carbon dioxide is transported as Sodium or Potassium bicarbonate 25% of carbon dioxide is transported as carbaminohemoglobin hooked on to the RBC. 10% of carbon dioxide is dissolved in te plasma
11	The major purpose of respiration is cellular respiration Cellular repiration which is the activity which supplies energy. The major purpose of the respiratory system is to provide energy to the body. C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
12	What are major structures of the respiratory system Breathing can take place either through the mouth or the nose. Breathing through the nose is healthier since it warms and filters the air more effectively than through the mouth.
13	Upper respiratory tract When breathing through the nose it enters the nasal passageways and is transferred to the nasopharynx ( nasal pharynx) if you prefer Next it moves to the oropharynx ( oral pharynx) if you prefer. If you are breathing through your mouth then the nasopharynx is not involved.
14	Upper respiratory tract The air (oxygen is the major component of the air that we are concerned about) is transferred to the laryngopharynx. The roughly 80% nitrogen comprising the air is not useable by the body and is expelled during exhalation.
15	Larynx The epiglottis (one of the three major unpaired cartilages) is now open so air enters the remainder of the larynx and moves to the trachea or windpipe. The oxygen then moves to the trachea. From the trachea (windpipe) it moves to the two bronchi (bronchus) is the singular for bronchi.
16	Bifurcation A bifurcation is a dividing into two as in a Y. The trachea to bronchi is like an inverted Y. The bronchi then branch to smaller bronchioles and then the alveoli or air sacs. Now trace CO2 from the alveoli back to the outside of the nasal area. Make the list.
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