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Classification and division are modes of development that work with the parts or categories of a subject. Separating or grouping helps us to accomplish tasks more efficiently and more effectively. Likewise, these strategies help us to clarify our thinking and even to understand our feelings.

Classification groups objects, persons, or ideas that share significant qualities. Division takes a single item and breaks it into its components or its sub classifications. 

The organizing principle should be established and maintained consistently throughout. In classification / division, the groups or classes should be placed in the introduction. Each section following the introduction should develop the groups or classes. Maintaining parallel development for each category helps the reader recognize the similarities and identify the distinctions among the types.

Avoiding Pitfalls

There are some pitfalls to avoid when using the classification and division strategies. 

1. Know the difference between useful and useless ways of classifying. For example, sorting your clothes by brand names won't help you get the best cleaning results when doing the laundry. 
2. Be sure your classification covers everything you claim it covers. If you are classifying teachers, you can't pretend that teachers who sometimes use small groups and sometimes lecture don't exist. At least mention exceptions, even if you don't give them much space as the major categories. 
3. Don't let the basis of division shift. Use the same standard for each category. If you are classifying teachers by their methods of instruction, don't shift to discussing those who have office hours and those who don't. 
4. Be sure that your groups are parallel or equal in rank. For example, grouping popular music into easy listening, country and western, rock n' roll, and then Ice-T, is not equal since the last one is far too specific. It needs to be placed into the larger category of 'rap.' 
5. Avoid stereotypes. Don't oversimplify, especially when categorizing behavior or types of people. Use plenty of specific examples and be ready to point out exceptions and describe variations.

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